Asia. On 9 March the NCRC released Lu'ay al-Atassi from jail, promoted him to the rank of lieutenant general, appointed him commander-in-chief and NCRC chairman, the de facto head of state. [25], On the night of 78 March, tanks and units loyal to the conspiracy began moving on Damascus. A large, cubical building that was still under construction in the heart of the Syrian desert, not far from Deir al-Zour, was a focus of the Israeli defense establishment starting from the end of 2006. Israel completed its National Water Carrier project, which siphoned water from the Sea of Galilee in 1964. The weather along the way surprised us in a number of places. WebThe US bombed Syria on Friday, April 13, 2018, in retaliation for the Assad regimes use of chemical weapons. [26], Assad led a small group of conspirators to capture the al-Dumayr air base, 40 kilometers (25mi) north-east of Damascus the only unit that resisted the coup. I looked at them. In early November 2015, just over a month after launching an air campaign against Mr Assad's opponents, the Russian military reportedly began using Shayrat as a forward operating base for Mi-24 and Mi-35 attack helicopters. He announced his defection to opposition forces in a video aired by Al Arabiya TV on 25 December 2012. Muhammad Umran, a leading member of the military committee, was a delegate at the 5th National Congress, and told Aflaq of the military committee's intentions Aflaq consented to the coup, but no agreement was made between him and the committee on how to share power after the coup. However, there were no doubts about the decision itself. There is no reason for anyone to be in this area except for herdsmen. Why now? The airbase has been occupied by the Syrian military throughout the country's six-year civil war, and Syrian Air Force Su-22 and MiG-23 warplanes fly from there. Prime Minister, what do we do? Olmert replied: We destroy it.), In a rare public reference to these developments while giving testimony in the trial against him in the affair involving Morris Talansky (involving unlawful acceptance of gifts of cash from a New York businessman), the prime minister related: The head of the Mossad called me. It occurred to me that we could wake up the next morning and the horizon would be full of [incoming] missiles. Our assumption was that possibly the operation would be revealed publicly, and the Syrians would respond, and then it would become the opening move in a war. At the same time, Israel increasingly began bombing targets in Syria said to belong to Iran-linked militias, including Hezbollah. On July 13, Bush informed Olmert in a conversation over the direct and secure red phone line between the White House and the Prime Ministers Office in Jerusalem that he opposed a military attack on the reactor. In January 2007, a pipeline leading from the Cube to the Euphrates was identified in satellite photos. This small and secret coterie headed by Suleiman was directly subordinate to the president; in Israel it was called the shadow army.. 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And since the existence of Israel is a danger that threatens the Arab nation, the diversion of the Jordan waters by it multiplies the dangers to Arab existence. Rubble was scattered around the building and the place looked fairly neglected, perhaps intentionally so. It was then 2:00 A.M. on Wednesday. Before taking control, the Ba'ath Party gambled that it would be allowed to share power with Gamal Abdel Nasser in the United Arab Republic (UAR). [26], 820 people were reported killed during the takeover and another 20 were executed shortly afterwards. In one plane, a problem was solved, after [it had become clear that] not all the systems were working. The tension is liable to lead to an unplanned deterioration in the situation, and in order to prepare for that possibility the IDF must increase its level of readiness. The prime minister dwelled in particular on the meaning of life in Israel under the shadow of a nuclear threat and warned that this was a condition that was liable to cause profound demoralization of Israels populace. His chief of staff, Yoram Turbovich, in a state of total euphoria, said to Olmert: You can resign now. It isnt there any more.. The Mossad led several overseas operations as part of that intelligence gathering. The Syrian military said the strike had left six personnel and a number of others injured, and caused "huge material damage". Any report in the media was liable to awaken the Syrians out of their complacency, alter their defensive preparedness around the reactor and deny the IDF the advantage of surprise. Do you remember something in the north that was bothering me? said the prime minister to the president. Eight planes would be allocated to the mission four F-15I "Raam" (Thunder) and four F-16I "Sufa" (Storm) carrying 16 tonnes of bombs. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice was recommending a diplomatic move to thwart the reactor by means of applying pressure on Assad. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. In manning the crews, We choose the best. Dagan assigned us the task of finding out whether or not there was a nuclear project, says Rami Ben-Barak, a senior Mossad official at that time. VideoThe secret mine that hid the Nazis' stolen treasure, LGBT troops take love for Eurovision to front line, Why an Indian comedian is challenging fake news rules. When Olmert expressed concern about the possibility that the Syrians would preempt Israel and activate the reactor, Barak downplayed the risk of attacking a hot reactor. Following the 1948 ArabIsraeli War, the 1949 Armistice Agreements created three demilitarized zones on the Israel-Syria border. The picture was stolen from the laptop of the director of the Syrian Atomic Energy Commission. WebShelling and a rocket attack killed at least nine people and wounded dozens of others in Al-Bab, Aleppo Governorate, Feb. 2. AP Photo/Hassan Ammar. The politicians were waiting in suspense for the final report, which was due to be published in January 2008. In those meetings Netanyahu and Barak were very firm in their opinion that Israel had to attack the reactor. The surrender of the 70th Armoured Brigade took longer than expected, putting Assad's forces behind schedule. However, an extensive action was liable to be perceived as a humiliation by President Assad and push him into a corner so that he would feel obliged to retaliate. While they failed to approve it politically, they nevertheless seemed determined to adhere to the technical details of the agreement. Akram al-Hawrani founded the Arab Socialist Party (ASP) in 1953 the Ba'ath Party was established through a merger of the ASP and the Arab Ba'ath Party. So why was it chosen? WebBy ALBERT AJI and BASSEM MROUE October 20, 2021. May I suggest they appoint a liaison officer to communicate their views to us? He believed that the operational plans the IDF had formulated for attacking the plant had not yet matured sufficiently and did not ensure complete success. Nechushtan, the head of the Planning Directorate, has said that according to the scenario the planning and intelligence directorates had drawn up, We were going to take Assad by surprise. On Tuesday, US military radar systems monitored a Syrian Air Force fixed-wing aircraft take off from Shayrat and fly over Khan Sheikhoun on two occasions - at 06:37 local time (03:37 GMT) and 06:46. [17] In an international context, the revolution took place because the state boundaries established by France were artificial and the hostility within the newly established Syria to the creation of Israel. Did this woman die because her genitals were cut? [8] The failure in the 1948 ArabIsraeli War led to the downfall of the traditional elite and the rise of the military in politics. [13], The Ba'ath Party faced a significant dilemma: take power through competitive elections or forceful takeover. Olmert and Bush in Washington, D.C., 2007. Olmert was a very unpopular prime minister. [9], It was in this environment that the ideology of Ba'athism came into being. The explanation that was offered was concern about the possibility of hostilities breaking out over mutual miscalculations: Israel and Syria are suspicious of each other and exchanging threats in the context of the results of the last war in Lebanon. A number of those who were present later observed that, as one of them put it, Gideon Frank, chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission, blanched and nearly fainted. The Arab Ba'ath Movement was established by Michel Aflaq and Salah al-Din al-Bitar in the 1940s, others who played a notable role in the early stages of the Ba'athist movement were Zaki al-Arsuzi, Wahib al-Ghanim and Jallal al-Sayyid. Summary. We began to suspect that there, in broad daylight, a reactor was hiding.. Explore in 3D: The dazzling crown that makes a king. We do not want a war, Olmert told his ministers. Before successful strike, Israel's most resounding intel failure. The initial diversion capacity of the National Water Carrier, without supplementary booster pumps, was 320 million m3, well within the limits of the Johnston Plan. Sources told the Guardian newspaper that US intelligence officials believed Russian personnel were at Shayrat "when Sarin was loaded on to a Syrian jet", but that "they have not established whether the Russians knew it was happening". Attacking a hot reactor was liable to create tremendous environmental pollution. Dagans weekly meeting with the prime minister in Tel Aviv was scheduled for 8 A.M. the next day. USS. Ten years of silence on Syria strike. The middle class owned the majority of small to medium properties. She is familiar with this.. The coup was planned by the military committee, rather than the Ba'ath Party's civilian leadership, but Michel Aflaq, the leader of the party, consented to the conspiracy. Y. reached the conclusion that they were looking in the wrong place. [28], Umran was first given the command of the 5th Brigade in Homs, but was promoted in June to become commander of the 70th Armoured Brigade. USS Shamal (PC-13) is the thirteenth Cyclone -class patrol ship. WebUSS Shamal. We had a big hug. They negotiated their surrender even though, according to Assad himself, their forces could have defeated his rebel company in combat. Shayrat airbase is located in Homs province, about 25km (15 miles) south-east of the city of Homs. This is the story of a single night more than a decade ago, and a daring, hair-raising operation executed by the Israeli air force, army and intelligence The "War over Water", also the Battle over Water, was a series of confrontations between Israel and its Arab neighbors from November 1964 to May 1967 over control of water sources in the Jordan River drainage basin. We had a number of kinds of weapons, a mix that wouldnt leave you with a single malfunction point without the ability to compensate for it. The reactor's core and its cooling system. According to him, he did not recommend attacking a hot reactor, but rather said that it was necessary to prepare for any eventuality and that the reactor becoming operational should not cause the decision-makers in Israel to despair. When the intelligence people analyzed the material from Vienna, they were appalled. [15] The establishment and the dissolution of the UAR was a catastrophe for the Ba'ath Party as it divided among those who supported the UAR, those who opposed it and those who opposed or supported the traditional leaders of the party. The area thereby functioned as one of France's colonies, and the newly established state was viewed unfavorably by most Syrians, with many of them regarding it as a vassal of European imperialism. Ultimately, however, the bombing of the reactor would not have happened without three people who believed in the mission and pushed the operation forward, unstintingly, throughout: Prime Minister Ehud Olmert, Mossad chief Meir Dagan and Israel Air Force commander Eliezer Shkedi., >> Ten years of silence on Syria strike. That was marked as a point of no return, because an attack on a hot reactor was liable to cause tremendous environmental damage. We set out around 10:30 P.M., recalls Amir. The two spoke, at Olmerts request, on a secure line. The idea was to create redundancy. By then, Mughniyeh was dead. The Turks were not happy, but they decided not to make an issue of it, apparently in part because of their retrospective realization that a threat to them was also inherent in Assads secret project. WebAbdulaziz al-Shalal (Redirected from Abdulaziz Al-Shalal) Major General Abdulaziz al-Shalal ( Arabic: ) was chief of the Syrian military police. The following afternoon, the Syrian news agency issued a laconic statement to the effect that during the night its air defense system had chased away Israeli planes that had penetrated Syrias air space. The United States, along with Britain and Several branches had not followed orders and had not dissolved during the UAR years. Prior to the meeting the president consulted his advisers. Amir, one of the F-15 pilots who took part in the attack, was dual: to advance the operation without most of the crews knowing what it was about and at the same time to prepare the rest of the squadron for the possibility that as a result of the operation, hostilities might break out, and all this while this group was not privy to preparations for the attack itself. In the air force, they characterized the release of the fuel tank into Turkey as an operational error, although tactically it was possible to have justified the crews considerations. The executions were a rare punitive action used to deal with the participants of a failed coup in Syria, with the typical punishment being exile, imprisonment or reassignment to a foreign diplomatic post. The Nasserists became allies of the Ba'ath, even while they supported Gamal Abdel Nasser and the reestablishment of the UAR. Its a story that ended well, says Amos Yadlin. Its only rarely that a Mossad chief calls and says: I have to see you. The Mossad chief arrives and sits in my office. I said to him: The air force did what it was assigned to do., The prime minister celebrated the achievement by raising a toast. We made certain five times that it was all systems go., Even today, he remembers the moment of impact. On Tuesday, September 4, the air force conducted its last mock maneuver in advance of the attack. Mar 23, 2018. There is no in-between. Assad sent an emissary to tell the commanders that he would start shelling the base if they did not surrender. This system remained unchanged until the establishment of the United Arab Republic (UAR). It was in fact his comments that pushed the IDF to present alternative plans, one of which was ultimately the one that was carried out. In 1965, there were three notable border clashes, starting with Syrian shootings of Israeli farmers and army patrols, followed by Israeli tanks and artillery destroying the Arab heavy earth moving machines that were used for the diversion plan. The approach was: confirm or rule out. Everyone there is jumping up and down in excitement, like in a Hollywood movie. That was no simple matter, a year after Lebanon., An existential threat to the State of Israel arose here and we dealt with it, the way the air force had dealt with the reactor in Iraq in the past, says Col. Amir, the F-15 pilot who took part in the attack. To hear opinions from individuals beyond the heads of the military and the intelligence communities, Olmert consulted (as did then-Defense Minister Amir Peretz, separately) other experienced people and external oversight teams. However, that day the military intelligence raided the apartment where the plotters were planning to assemble. Capt Davis stressed that the US had taken "extraordinary measures" to avoid civilian casualties and that planners "took precautions to minimise risk to Russian or Syrian personnel located at the airfield". [41] President Lu'ay al-Atassi subsequently resigned, signalling his disapproval of the executions. Satellite imagery obtained by Stratfor that December showed construction work to improve the airbase. He was a far more formidable opponent than al-Kudsi, and the Iraqi Regional Branch managed to take power through an alliance not only with military officers, but also with segments of the middle class. You have done your bit for the people of Israel.. Yet no less, it is also a story of a big intelligence failure the worst since the Yom Kippur War, according to a number of top intelligence people in which Israel somehow managed for years not to notice a reactor being built right under its nose, in a neighboring country on whose surveillance Israel was spending vast amounts of money. The inequality between urban and rural dwellers, together with capitalist penetration of the agrarian sector and the traditional elites' monopolisation of most large revenue sources, led to the establishment of peasant movements who fought for change or opposed the system. Major Y., a researcher in MIs technology branch, composed a document headed An Issue for Examination. This is a well-known procedure in MI whereby, with the approval of the head of the organization and the head of the research division, a researcher is permitted to publish a dissenting assessment, even if it is not accepted by the chain of command, in order to prompt examination of a new hypothesis. The military committee, which would launch the 8 March Revolution, shared most of their views. [18], In Syria, religious minorities were often underprivileged, and a specific ethnicity usually belonged to a specific social class. The Committee's virtual ousting of al-Hariri was to the chagrin of al-Bitar, who viewed al-Hariri as the last military counterweight able to check the Committee's domination over his government. One of the key figures who led to the decision to bomb the Syrian reactor, the head of the Mossad at the time, Meir Dagan, died in March last year. Some two-thirds of peasants were landless. The squadrons to which the mission was assigned were brought into the picture during the month of June, and only in a limited way. On December 19, 2003, a Saturday morning, I turned on the radio and heard on a news broadcast that the Americans and the British had persuaded Libya to dismantle its nuclear program, says Amnon Sufrin, who was then head of the intelligence division at the Mossad. [1] The issue of water sharing from the JordanYarmuk system turned out to be a major problem between Israel, Syria and Jordan. After the attack, Ashkenazi sent MI chief Yadlin to the Turkish chief of staff to explain the considerations and circumstances and to reassure him that there had been absolutely no violation of Turkish sovereignty during the operation. Israel has fired several missiles at Syrias border province of Quneitra, causing material damage. The prime minister chose to ignore this suggestion. [36] While al-Hariri was away, the Committee used the opportunity to undertake a purge of about 30 elite officersmostly political independentsunder al-Hariri's command. [37], The Nasserists still maintained a relatively high level of strength in the military, despite the purges, and on 18 July, under the leadership of Jassem Alwan and the help of Egyptian intelligence, they attempted to launch a daytime coup against the new government. Some 59 cruise missiles were The tank landed on the Turkish side of the Syrian-Turkish border, creating two problems: First, the incident, and the photos of the tank with Hebrew writing on it, were evidence that an Israeli force had been in the area. The potentially hostile unit stationed in Qatana, south-west of Damascus, did not intervene probably because Widad Bashir had taken control over communications in the Damascus area. [5] The landownerpeasant alliance was based on class differences, and social antagonism between each other this would lead to the landowner's downfall.
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