Bush can be seen having a private conversation with Larry King about the drug Halcion (about 6:20 in the above video). Although fringe science is founded in established science, it explores . For the project, the girl (who is also related to King John) linked Barack Obama as her 18th cousin through Obamas mothers family. For example, the lack of peer-reviewed criticism of creation science should not be used as a justification for marginalizing or removing scientific criticism of creation science, since creation science itself is not published in peer-reviewed journals. Wikipedia is not and must not become the validating source for non-significant subjects, and it is not a forum for original research. Heriberto Lazcano Lazcano was the leader of the Los Zetas drug cartel until his death in a shootout with police on October 7, 2012. The secrecy of the shooting has spawned a series of conspiracy theories that say Todashev was assassinated by the FBI in order to keep him quiet about the Boston Marathon bombings. He has been a guest speaker on numerous national radio and television stations and is a five time published author. Fomenko also saw Jerusalem as an allegory of either Constantinople, or even ancient Troy. Articles about fringe theories sourced solely from a single primary source (even when it is peer reviewed) may be excluded from Wikipedia on notability grounds. (See also Links normally to be avoided, Conflict of interest, Autobiography guidelines.) The quote should only be included if it can be contextualized in a verifiable and neutral sense as a point of view of the Bigfoot Field Researchers Association and not necessarily a factual statement. In 1919, the British-Israel-World Federation was set up in London and joined by some prominent political figures, including the Prime Minister of New Zealand, William Massey. fringe science. In addition, the Phoenicians proved that they could complete long voyages by accomplishing what is believed to be the first recorded circumnavigation of Africa, in 600 B.C. If proper attribution cannot be found among reliable sources of an idea's standing, it should be assumed that the idea has not received consideration or acceptance; ideas should not be portrayed as accepted unless such claims can be documented in reliable sources. Some scholars have suggested the book was put together no earlier than the sixth century, while the earliest mention of the book is thought to have come from the year 826. For example, in the article about Bigfoot, a verifiably attributed and accurately preserved quotation might take the following form: The Bigfoot Field Researchers Association has stated, "Scientists from various disciplines put the most compelling sasquatch evidence to the test. Second, His disciples took away His body quickly, and prepared His burial in secret. In the early 1990s, Springer spent a year searching over back-channel satellite news footage to find controversial clips that werent meant for public view. One publication has even speculated that the hygiene hypothesis could be responsible for autism. The theory is often referred to as the Franklin Forgery, but has found acceptance in the Arab and Palestinian media. Be careful not to use in-text attribution carelessly to imply that only the named sources would agree. Wikipedia:Fringe theories/Arbitration cases, Wikipedia's policies on original research, stated simply as facts rather than recast as opinions, completely unreliable sources masquerading as legitimate, Wikipedia:Template messages/Sources of articles, Wikipedia:Why Wikipedia cannot claim the Earth is not flat, Wikipedia:Requests for arbitration/Pseudoscience, Wikipedia:Requests for arbitration/Fringe science, Wikipedia:Requests for arbitration/Barrett v. Rosenthal, Wikipedia:Requests for arbitration/Climate change, Wikipedia:Requests for arbitration/Homeopathy, Wikipedia:Requests for arbitration/Cold fusion, Wikipedia:Requests for arbitration/September 11 conspiracy theories, Wikipedia:Arbitration/Requests/Case/Shakespeare authorship question, Wikipedia:Neutral point of view#Due and undue weight, Synthesis of published material that advances a position, "JOURNAL of FRONTIER SCIENCE Peer Review Blog", Do not include copies of lengthy primary sources, Do not disrupt Wikipedia to illustrate a point, Categories, lists, and navigation templates, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Fringe_theories&oldid=1152016868, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 27 April 2023, at 17:09. The best sources to use when describing fringe theories, and in determining their notability and prominence, are independent reliable sources. A former BBC journalist named Chris Bryson has suggested the US Army downplayed the fluoride poisoning due to the fact that the chemical was a byproduct of atomic research. Agran gained public support during his campaign, but he was banned from debates and conferences. Although they are still theories debated by some, they have come to be accepted as legitimate theories. Believers adhere to the view that, after the disintegration of ancient Israel, some survivors traveled east and eventually settled in present-day areas of the Middle East, Central Europe, and South and Southeast Asia. Munich Personal RePEc Archive The Search for New Drugs: A Theory of RD in the Pharmaceutical Industry Khazabi, Massoud and Quyen, Nguyen University of Ottawa 1 September 2010 Online at https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/39462/ MPRA Paper No. Sometimes fringe sciences are accepted and become mainstream. She also finds it fair that credentialed scientists do not bother spending a lot of time learning about and explaining problems with the fringe theories of uncredentialed scientists, since the authors of those theories have not taken the time to understand the mainstream theories they aim to disprove. The strongest argument is that the records of Muhammads exploits, the Quran, and Islam only became known to the rest of the world long after the birth of the religion. In 1902, Mary Baker Eddy became the first person to trace the lineage of Queen Victoria to King David. From that viewpoint, the discovery of beer was an evolutionary success. One study indicated that over 100 manuscripts of the book still exist, with the oldest from the 11th century. "[31], The media also play a role in propagating the belief that certain fields of science are controversial. Finally, even though the Gospel of John states that a Roman soldier speared Jesuss side, it is the only gospel to mention it; the three other gospels that preceded it never bring up the incident. The ultimate conspiracy being that the United States government wouldnt admit to the negative health implications of fluoride, so instead decided to promote the chemical for public health benefits and place trace amounts in peoples drinking water. By the same token, the purpose of Wikipedia is not to offer originally synthesized prose "debunking" notable ideas which the scientific community may consider to be absurd or unworthy. The Magna Carta is considered a forebear of the Constitution of the United States. So far, Fomenko and his believers continue to work on their theory, despite being criticized by mainstream historians and scientists for their unconventional methods and views. For a fringe view to be discussed in an article about a mainstream idea, independent reliable sources must discuss the relationship of the two as a serious and substantial matter. "There are extreme academic views such as those of Jacques Halbronn, suggesting at great length and with great complexity that Nostradamus's Prophecies are antedated forgeries written by later hands with a political axe to grind." Jump to: navigation, search Part of a series on: Science Here are the top ten fringe sciences and theories that could become mainstream in your lifetime: Cybernetics is the study and re-creation of control systems (the nervous system, the brain, and mechanical-electrical communication systems). In 1783, a book titled The United States Elevated to Glory and Honor was published, suggesting that similarities exist between the United States and Israel. Little is known about the true origin of the Toledot, but many feel it was circulated orally before being put into various literary forms. 1. For example, the Book of Genesis itself should be primarily covered as a work of ancient literature, as part of the Hebrew or Christian Bible, or for its theological significance, rather than as a cosmological theory. Aside from that, McGovern argues that alcohol consumption was important to our ancestors, mainly because the high sugar content gave them the energy they needed to survive in places with scarce resources. In contrast, many mainstream articles do not link to articles about fringe theories. She is saying due to string theory people lost faith in all sciences. . A conjecture that has not received critical review from the scientific community or that has been rejected may be included in an article about a scientific subject only if other high-quality reliable sources discuss it as an alternative position. However, the theory was heavily derided in its infancy by the mainstream scientific community. The point is not only to demonstrate that the heterogeneity of the fringe defies simple classification and dismissal, but also to suggest that focusing on the content of the theories is not the most productive way to understand the durability of fringe science. Reliable sources on Wikipedia may include peer-reviewed journals; books published by university presses; university-level textbooks; magazines, journals, and books published by respected publishing houses; and mainstream newspapers. The theft caused police to investigate further and discover that the fingerprints of the dead man matched those of Lazcano. Alternative theoretical formulations from within the scientific community are not pseudoscience, but part of the scientific process. A careful use of words and the adoption of a disinterested tone will ensure that a reader is not spoonfed opinions as facts and vice versa. On the day of the shooting, two State Police officers and an FBI agent interviewed Todashev for approximately eight hours before he confessed to being involved with Tamerlan Tsarnaev in the 2011 murders. Weve covered Gilles de Raiss horrific crimes too many times already. This has resulted in a tendency to dismiss all fringe science as the domain of pseudoscientists, hobbyists, and quacks.[4]. This is the principle of one-way linking for fringe theories. Fringe science has its basis in established science, but explores and studies areas at the very boundaries, and is often poorly funded and under-resourced. Activation Theory Actor-Observer Difference Affect Infusion Model Affect Perseverance Aggression Ambiguity effect Amplification Hypothesis Anchoring and Adjustment Heuristic Anticipatory Regret see Regret Theory Appraisal Theory Attachment Theory Attachment Style Attitude Attitude-Behavior Consistency Attribution Theory Automatic Believing In 1405, the document was banned by the church, and in 1543, it was used by Martin Luther to condemn Jews. Care should be taken not to mislead the reader by implying that, because the claim is actively disputed by only a few, it is otherwise supported. The more appropriate . Spin takes the approach that the American media has been used as a tool to silence public debate on certain issues. To back up this claim, proponents state that the narrative of ancient Japanese history essentially mirrors the Jewish one. After exhaustively studying the case, they claimed that Gilles de Rais was truly innocenta victim of circumstantial evidence.. 10 Chinese Alchemists Discovered Gunpowder. In 2012, Stanford University estimated that the radiation from Fukushima Daiichi would cause around 15 to 1300 deaths from cancer. Supporters of this idea state that the Phoenicians certainly had the means to carry out transatlantic voyages. Stanley Meyer's water fuel cell) may be treated as pseudoscience. One of the most infamous Mexican drug lords in history, Lazcano was known for his extreme violence, and built an empire of 10,000 gunmen that spread from the Rio Grande into Central America. In addition, there is an approximate demarcation between pseudoscience and questionable science, and they merit careful treatment. For this reason, notability guidelines for fringe topics are stricter than general notability guidelines: the notability of a fringe theory must be judged by statements from verifiable and reliable sources, not the proclamations of its adherents. At first, Hardouin named the Benedictines as the main culprits behind the forgeries. The theory has been used to explain a wide number of medical trends, including the fact that people in developed nations suffer from more allergies, have widespread autoimmune diseases, and have a problem with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in young people. 4 fascinating Fringe Science theories that will blow your mind-----. Remember the Latin Bible? In the Middle Ages, the Toledot Yeshu was apparently used by some Jewish communities in order to discredit Christianity. Collectively their conclusions are ground-breaking. Hitlerwho got wind of the planhad no other choice but to launch a preemptive strike. Caution should be exercised when evaluating whether there are enough sources available to write a neutral biography that neither unduly promotes nor denigrates the subject. Criticisms of fringe theories should be reported on relative to the visibility, notability, and reliability of the sources that do the criticizing. Yes, that is correct, his name is Rich Walker. Because Wikipedia aims to summarize significant opinions with representation in proportion to their prominence, a Wikipedia article should not make a fringe theory appear more notable or more widely accepted than it is. British Israelism is a doctrine based around the idea that people of Western European descent are relatives of the Ten Lost Tribes of Israel. Proponents of fringe theories have used Wikipedia as a forum for promoting their ideas. In 1215, King John enacted the Magna Carta, which was one of the first documents to support democracy. It said that no freeman could be punished except by the law of the people. [2]:58[3] The general public has difficulty distinguishing between science and its imitators,[2]:173 and in some cases a "yearning to believe or a generalized suspicion of experts is a very potent incentive to accepting pseudoscientific claims". For instance, continental drift was heavily criticized because there was no known mechanism for continents to move and the proposed mechanisms were implausible. Beer. Historians such as Robert Spencer and, more recently, Sven Muhammad Kalisch cite several historical inaccuracies that give weight to this theory. In August 2013, the Japanese government announced that Fukushima had experienced a massive leak of radiation-contaminated water. Economics . The water is then pumped into about 1,000 storage tanks, which have started to leak. The majority of the scholars have so far rejected this theory, and cited the many medical improbabilities required for Jesuss escape. Well, not all of us, but scientists speculate that early hominids ate magic mushrooms as a regular part of their diet, and by 5000 BCE Sumerians were smoking opium to experience more joy. But medications like psychostimulants to treat children with hyperactive disorders, and neurotropics (or smart drugs) have yet to be tested with any real accuracy. Carlson's show gave many Fox News viewers what they wanted, she said, including false claims about the 2020 election, COVID vaccines and the Jan. 6 Capitol insurrection, as well as smears against. Fringe theories include the models and proposals of fringe science as well as similar ideas in other areas of scholarship, such as the humanities.The term is commonly used in a narrower sense as a pejorative roughly synonymous with pseudo-scholarship.Precise definitions that distinguish between widely held viewpoints . For example, creationism and creation science should be described primarily as religious and political movements and the fact that claims from those perspectives are disputed by mainstream theologians and scientists should be directly addressed. So far, this unconventional view has sparked great controversy. Fringe sources can be used to support text that describes fringe theories provided that such sources have been noticed and given proper context with third-party, independent sources. Similarly to the Christ Myth, this theory holds that the founder of Islam never existed at all. Evolution, The Big Bang Theory, and Continental Drift all began on the fringes of science and todaywhile still debated by someare taken as scientific truth. Further elaborating the continuous magnetization model of uniaxial permanent magnets and magnetic actuation principles at the high fields (28-31), in this study, we present a canvas of UHF magnetic guidewire steering strategies in the MRI scanner ().By challenging the common assumption that the magnetic objects are fully aligned with the ultrahigh MRI main field (8, 27), we observed that the . After His death, He escaped the tomb on His own or with the help of His disciples. While a lack of peer-reviewed sources does not automatically mean that the subject should be excluded from Wikipedia, there must be adequate reliable sources to allow the subject to be covered in sufficient detail without engaging in original research. Brooks-Baker traced the lineage of 33 US presidents back to Alfred the Great and Charlemagne. The 10 Most Fascinating (And Terrifying) Fringe Sciences By All That's Interesting | Edited By Savannah Cox Published July 25, 2014 Updated April 5, 2018 Relativity Einstein is responsible for this one. [30], As Donald E. Simanek asserts, "Too often speculative and tentative hypotheses of cutting edge science are treated as if they were scientific truths, and so accepted by a public eager for answers." The shooting has outraged many people, and the FBI has blocked all attempts to view autopsy reports because the case is still under investigation. One of the primary tenets of the theory is that the British Royal Family is directly descended from King David. Currently, Beale is planning to cross the Atlantic with another replica, in a bid to prove that the Phoenicians could have made it all the way to America. The idea runs parallel with the fringe theory that the term conspiracy theory was invented by the CIA to discredit people who question media accounts of important events. In the film, Al Gore can be seen being taught how to avoid questions on abortion and Pat Robertson makes derogatory comments about gay people. [2] For writers and editors of Wikipedia articles to write about controversial ideas in a neutral manner, it is of vital importance that they simply restate what is said by independent secondary sources of reasonable reliability and quality. . However, meeting this standard indicates only that the idea may be discussed in other articles, not that it must be discussed in a specific article. Specifically theories that didn't start out as a scientific/STEM discovery. However, he might have used a metal pole or broomstick. There are numerous reasons for these requirements. [2]:172 One example of such is plate tectonics, an idea which had its origin in the fringe science of continental drift and was rejected for decades. Top 10 Controversial Statues Around The World, 10 Disney Characters With Controversial Histories, 10 Controversial Debates About Food And Cooking, 10 Facts About The Controversial History Of Abortion, Top 10 Shockingly Controversial Billboards, Top 10 Origins Of Controversial Stereotypes, 10 Historical Shoe Rituals and Superstitions You Might Not Know About, 10 Unusual and Incredible Reinterpretations of Classic Artworks, 10 Ancient Fertility Treatments You Wouldnt Want to Use Today, 10 Inventive Ways People Survived Winter Before Electricity, 10 Bleak Facts about Victorian Workhouses, 10 Amazing Archeological Discoveries Made by Dogs, 10 Weird Trains That Now Belong To The History Books, Top 10 Crazy Stories Of Weather Modification, 10 Alleged Discoveries That Suggest Giants Existed. Purpose - The purpose of this research is to examine the undergraduate thesis methodology, programming languages, and databases utilized to create thesis projects. If mentioning a fringe theory in another article gives undue weight to the fringe theory, discussion of the fringe theory may be limited, or even omitted altogether. [4] Poorly conducted research, research fraud and other types of bad science are not necessarily pseudoscientific refer to reliable sources to find the appropriate characterisation. Using a method he called empirico-statistical analysis, Fomenko arrived at the conclusion that ancient history was really just a distorted version of Medieval events. In 1992, a group of scholars conducted a reenactment of the infamous trial, in order to test this theory. Peer review is an important feature of reliable sources that discuss scientific, historical or other academic ideas, but it is not the same as acceptance by the scientific community. Even reputable news outlets have been known to publish credulous profiles of fringe theories and their proponents, and there continue to be many completely unreliable sources masquerading as legitimate. Instead, lets discuss the controversial view that this notorious French serial killer was himself the unfortunate victim of a vast conspiracy to steal his wealth. Postulated by Azjen (1991)5, the theory of planned behavior (TPB) is a generalized theory of human behavior in the social psychology literature that can be used to study a wide range of individual behaviors. inquiry in an established field of study which departs significantly from mainstream theories in that field and is considered to be questionable by the mainstream. Germ theory denialism is the pseudoscientific belief that germs do not cause infectious disease, and that the germ theory of disease is wrong. Bio weaponization is nothing new. Critics of the theory say that it is based on highly speculative amateur research and lacks any substantial basis, while believers continue to focus on the historical linguistics of certain place names and scriptural interpretations of historical text. It is important that original hypotheses that have gone through peer review do not get presented in Wikipedia as representing scientific consensus or fact. 3. The Donora smog is one of the most deadly air pollution disasters in US history. Eventually, this custom led to even more complex and intertwined relationshipsessentially the forerunner of todays society. Todashev is now thought to have been unarmed during the incident. The fringe theory says that the meltdown is the largest nuclear disaster in history and dwarfs the Chernobyl accident. According to Fomenko, Jesus Christ Himself lived during this period, and it was His death that sparked the Crusades. - More evidence that we will all be his underlings some day. Wikipedia primarily focuses on the state of knowledge today, documenting the past when appropriate (identifying it as such), and avoiding speculation about the future. After his death, the body of Jesus is stolen from his grave, but eventually recovered by the authorities. [2]:161. The radiation cloud will continue to move around the world for decades, while the Pacific Ocean will be polluted by the complete failure of the power plant. And maintaining a steady supply of booze required relatively intensive farming techniques that were incompatible with the nomadic hunter-gatherer lifestyle. [2] : 58 [3] The general public has difficulty distinguishing between science and its imitators, [2] : 173 and in some cases a "yearning to believe or a generalized suspicion of experts . McGovern adds that our ancestorsdespite not knowing chemistrywere perfectly capable of manufacturing beer through constant experimentation. This branch of fringe science stems from the hypothesis that the human brain is infinitely capable, but certain social and physical factors prohibit us from reaching our full potential. The idea has been picked up by journalists in Palestine, Egypt, and Saudi Arabia, who have claimed that Franklins prophecy is now coming true in the US administration.. Game theory: John von Neumann and Oskar Morgenstern, 1944 (with important embellishments from John Nash in the 1950s) Developed for economics, where it has had some successes, game theory. The sourced contribution must simply aid in the verifiable and neutral presentation of the subject. Unlike pseudo-science, it still uses the scientific method, but is highly speculative. Scholarly opinion is generally the most authoritative source to identify the mainstream view. [3] Other examples include conspiracy theories and esoteric claims about medicine. They should not be classified as pseudoscience but should still be put into context with respect to the mainstream perspective. [2]:176, The term "fringe science" covers everything from novel hypotheses which can be tested by means of the scientific method to wild ad hoc hypotheses and mumbo jumbo.