16[17] of the Economic Commission for Europe of the United Nations (UNECE) that will require seat belt reminder systems in all front and rear seats on new cars beginning in September 2019. legal research should verify their results against an official edition of Paul Schroeder & Melanie Wilbur. 0000011021 00000 n the Federal Register. Toyota introduced rear seat belt warning systems in several MY 2017 vehicles and increased the number of equipped vehicles in MY 2018. Survey of Principal Drivers of Vehicles with a Rear Seat Belt Reminder System. NHTSA has, over time, used a variety of strategies to increase seat belt use, including sponsoring national media campaigns, providing assistance to states enacting seat belt use laws and high-visibility enforcement campaigns, and facilitating or requiring vehicle-based strategies. (B) that has soil with poor drainage. Describe any assumptions you make and provide any technical information and/or data that you used. In some instances, a visual signal might be displayed as a telltale on the instrument panel or on the vehicle's information display screen. 0000043267 00000 n Search for an answer or ask Weegy. b. K2SO4\mathrm{K}_2 \mathrm{SO}_4K2SO4 97. Occupant detection systems are practical for the front outboard passenger seating position, as that passenger seat is not typically subject to as many of the potential complications to occupant detection posed by rear seats (such as large occupants spanning multiple seating positions). h. Cr2S3\mathrm{Cr}_2 \mathrm{~S}_3Cr2S3. 0000047766 00000 n In Florida, in 2017, approximately _______ people died every day in alcohol-related crashes. The document also seeks comment on removing the 8-second maximum duration for the driver's seat belt warning specified in FMVSS No. The second level warning consists of a visual and audible signal activated for at least 30 seconds, not counting periods in which the warning may stop for up to 3 seconds. Wandering eyes and a basic lack of attention to the road _________ the potential for a collision. NHTSA is, however, cognizant of the fact that longer warnings lead to annoyance. DOT HS 811 097. [51] [22] Explain your views as clearly as possible, avoiding the use of profanity or personal threats. Use the PDF linked in the document sidebar for the official electronic format. A sequential logic system would require that the belt be buckled after the seat has been occupied in order for the system to recognize the seat belt as being buckled; An occupant buckles the seat belt behind themselves. The rele- [91] provide legal notice to the public or judicial notice to the courts. [82] The warnings provided by seat belt warning systems typically consist of visual and/or audible signals. 16, Revision 9. We also seek comment on whether we should propose requiring a single-trip manual deactivation of the seat belt warning system once the minimal signal performance requirements are met, which might diminish the likelihood of circumvention. Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (2015). DOT HS 812 369. This could be addressed by requiring a sequential logic system. [35] This series of research studies showed, among other things, that the presence of an enhanced front seat belt reminder system increased front outboard passenger seat belt use by about 3 to 4 percentage points more than in vehicles with only a driver seat belt warning system meeting the minimum requirements in S7.3. shot of 80 proof whiskey, a 5 oz. 88. 16, Revision 9 8.4.3.3 and 8.4.4.5; European New Car Assessment Programme Assessment ProtocolSafety Assist, 3.1.5. documents in the last year, 83 24. To facilitate an effective warning that advances safety and is appropriate for diverse vehicle types and uses, NHTSA seeks comment on alternative cost-effective solutions that would alert the driver when a rear seat passenger buckles and/or unbuckles. 0000009731 00000 n 0000031442 00000 n NHTSA seeks comment on specifications that would maximize effectiveness while still being acceptable to the public, as well as the potential for intrusive warnings to lead to driver distraction. In 2015 the agency completed an additional report on the effectiveness and consumer acceptance of rear seat belt warnings, based on a consumer survey. Charles J. Kahane. Their internal organs, still going 35 mph, strike their are not part of the published document itself. European New Car Assessment Programme Assessment ProtocolSafety Assist, 3.3.2. This considers respondents who reported that they Never or Rarely used a seat belt to be hard-core nonusers. The President of the United States manages the operations of the Executive branch of Government through Executive orders. We seek comment on whether the rear warning system should be required to include audible or visual warning features exceeding those currently required for the driver's seat belt warning (including the costs and benefits) and if so, what those features should be. NHTSA also seeks comment on whether and to what extent any proposed requirements might (or should) be based upon or differ from other regulatory requirements (such as ECE requirements) or consumer information programs (such as Euro NCAP). C.) inconsistent signaling When the ignition or master control switch is deactivated for more than 30 minutes and activated again, a short-term deactivated safety-belt reminder must reactivate. Accordingly, NHTSA encourages you to consult the guidelines in preparing your comments. 32. 0000019826 00000 n Should all the compliance options require occupant detection, or should there be some compliance options that do not require occupant detection? 30101 et seq. 0000063736 00000 n Information of this sort is already required by FMVSS No. The Effectiveness of Enhanced Seat Belt Reminder Systems Draft Report: Observational Field Data Collection Methodology and Findings. If a visual warning system including a telltale were to be required, should NHTSA propose requirements for telltale characteristics, and if so, what should they be? 80. 0000101579 00000 n Content-Type: application/pdf Approximately 37,000+ people die annually on the roads of the United States. B.) 6). This PDF is ECE Regulation No. The responsibility for promulgation of Federal motor vehicle safety standards is delegated to NHTSA.[56]. The report also noted that there are a wide range of initiatives . About 13 percent of model year (MY) 2019 vehicles sold in the United States came equipped with a rear seat belt warning system. By definition, a motor vehicle crash must involve at least one motor vehicle in transport. For example, would an audible notification (e.g., a chime) indicating that a rear-seat occupant had buckled the belt effectively inform the driver (or facilitate the driver in determining) whether there were any unbuckled rear-seat occupants? To ensure that your comments are correctly filed in the Docket, please include the Docket Number found in the heading of this document in your comments. If NHTSA were to propose requirements for a warning that is similar to existing seat belt warnings, should the warning be visual-only (e.g., a telltale displaying text or icons), audio-only, or audio-Start Printed Page 51083visual? 4092 0 obj <> endobj 0000005753 00000 n This site displays a prototype of a Web 2.0 version of the daily The relevant research reports have also been placed in the docket for this rulemaking. As part of the research for the report, NHTSA conducted a limited number of focus group interviews with part-time and hard-core non-users. 208 does not require this. WebThe National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) estimates that car seats reduce the risk of fatal injury by 71% for infants (younger than 1 year old) and by 54% for toddlers (1 to 4 years old) in passenger cars. 89. and buses with a GVWR of 3,855 kg (8,500 lb) or less and an unloaded weight less than or equal to 2,495 kg (5,500 lb). Vehicle occupants include drivers and passengers. NHTSA also seeks comment on whether a rear seat belt warning could conflict with other in-vehicle warnings. You do not need to change your windshield wipers; they should last as long as you own the car. Executive Orders 12866 (Regulatory Planning and Review) and 13563 (Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review) require agencies to regulate in the most cost-effective manner, to make a reasoned determination that the benefits of the intended regulation justify its costs, and to develop regulations that impose the least burden on society. Additionally, Executive Orders 12866 and 13563 require agencies to provide a meaningful opportunity for public participation. %%EOF 95. Calculated from Boyle & Lampkin, supra, p. 11 (Fig. the safest place for a child of any age to ride is in the ____ seat. Occupant restraint use in 2017: Results from the NOPUS controlled intersection study (Report No. There could be instances for manual connection seats where the driver either forgets to make the connection or makes an improper connection. Is this an appropriate threshold? [53] See, e.g., DOT 2009 Belt Warning Study, supra, pp. DOT HS 809 500. We seek comment on whether NHTSA should propose requirements to address circumvention. In light of the Congressional directives concerning seat belt warnings, NHTSA has taken a variety of actions to research the effectiveness and acceptance of seat belt warnings. [60] [95], NHTSA has conducted a variety of research relating to the effectiveness of in-vehicle seat belt warnings. In 2002, the agency chartered an integrated project team to recomm8end Start Printed Page 51082strategies for increasing seat belt use. 60. For infants and toddlers in light trucks, the corresponding reductions are 58% and 59%, respectively. We will consider all comments received before the close of business on the comment closing date indicated above under DATES. curve of a highway. [16] 70. In addition to this, while enhanced warnings are potentially more effective due to their persistence and annoyance,[68] WebUsed Car Warranty. Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. According to data from NHTSA's National Occupant Protection Use Survey (NOPUS), from 2006 to 2017, seat belt use was lower in the rear seat than in the front seat, ranging from a difference of 6.2 percent in 2007 (76.3% vs. 82.5%) to 15.6 percent in 2006 (64.8% vs. Survey of Principal Drivers of Vehicles with a Rear Seat Belt Reminder System. 92. The front occupant visual signal must remain active until the seat belt is fastened. Occupant detection is utilized by the advanced air bags to properly classify the occupant in the seat (e.g., child, adult, small-statured adult) so that the advanced frontal air bag systems can determine if and with what level of power the front air bag will inflate. These markup elements allow the user to see how the document follows the Federal Register issue. Most currently-produced vehicles also have a seat belt warning for the front outboard passenger seat, although FMVSS No. (49 CFR part 512). regulatory information on FederalRegister.gov with the objective of 8. Occupant detection is also likely to add cost to a rear sear warning system. These are both legitimate questions and while it may seem The guidelines could identify best practices for manufacturers who wish to equip vehicles with a rear seat belt warning system. This might be addressed by programming the system to require input from door or occupant sensors to verify that the driver is in the vehicle. WebSingle-vehicle crashes represent the largest percentage of both unbelted KA and KABCO crashes; however, single-vehicle is over-represented in unbelted KA crashes (51.0 Li, R., Pickrell, T.M. 22. Your comments must not be more than 15 pages long. [89] Section 30111 requires that a Motor Vehicle Safety Standard meet the need for safety, be stated in objective terms, and be practicable, among other requirements. Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Many in the child passenger safety community refer to the child restraint anchorage system as the LATCH system, an abbreviation of the phrase Lower Anchors and Tethers for Children. The term was developed by a group of manufacturers and retailers for use in educating consumers on the availability and use of the anchorage system and for marketing purposes. "%z)MP dxY KrXs4g,JDa7/KEGb"Z>yd Gl/{v:tf\gipiUju}Ymt:zP:r0W T'gwSIHDW! C Your body reacts to an alarm reaction by releasing _______ into your blood stream: with severe emotional pain, the driver could turn to substance ___ to hide emotional pain. These amendments were codified at 49 U.S.C. 14. About the Federal Register [7] Id. 17. The vehicle-based strategies included encouraging vehicle manufacturers to voluntarily install enhanced seat belt warning systems; providing consumer information on vehicles equipped with enhanced warning systems as part of NCAP; and continued monitoring and assessment of the effectiveness and acceptability of enhanced seat belt warnings through research. We also seek comment on ways to propose performance requirements that provide manufacturers with the flexibility to design a warning system that is appropriate for each vehicle type. Federal Register provide legal notice to the public and judicial notice To the extent possible, we will also consider comments that the docket receives after that date. model year vehicles. 91. Euro NCAP provides consumer information on the safety of new cars. In light of Congress's repeal of this restriction, NHTSA seeks comment on removing the corresponding provision in FMVSS No. Under the second option, when the key is turned to the on or start position, the vehicle must provide a visual warning for 4 to 8 seconds (regardless of whether the driver seat belt is fastened) and an audible warning lasting 4 to 8 seconds, if the driver seat belt is not in use. Would occupant detection be necessary for these systems? NOPUS observations are made during daylight hours and are not necessarily representative of high-risk driving times when belt use may be lower. [48] Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration [hereinafter DOT 2009 Belt Warning Study], p. 1. However, research has not yet firmly established which system characteristics are optimal. The RFC discussed the agency's research and findings regarding requiring rear seat belt warnings and solicited comments. In particular, continuous buzzers and ignition interlocks annoyed many consumers to the point of their disabling or circumventing the systems. Volvo started offering rear seat belt warnings in its vehicles in 2009 and currently all its vehicle models are equipped with rear seat belt warnings. Who should the signal warnthe driver, the rear passenger(s), or both? 49. 2002. See 56 FR 3222 (Jan. 29, 1991). 66. True Modern vehicles are designed to crush when they crash to absorb NHTSA seeks comment on, among other things, potential requirements for such systems, the vehicles to which they should apply, their effectiveness, the likely consumer acceptance, and the associated costs and benefits. Passenger vehicles with more than one person. It directs the Secretary to either issue a final rule, or, if the Secretary determines that such an amendment does not meet the requirements and considerations of 49 U.S.C. SABs are being offered as standard or optional equipment on many new passenger vehicles. The warning requirements for automatic belts in S4.5.3 mirror, with some differences, the first compliance option. Document page views are updated periodically throughout the day and are cumulative counts for this document. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. 208 specifies multiple performance tests using 1-, 3-, and 6-year-old Anthropomorphic Test Devices (test dummies) both in and out of a Child Restraint System (CRS). You can arrange with the docket to be notified when others file comments in the docket. 208 minimum requirements. Attitudes which are predisposing you to risk are for, Both 0000063657 00000 n Survey of Principal Drivers of Vehicles with a Rear Seat Belt Reminder System. To what extent would or should such requirements constrain manufacturers' design choices, and how could such constraints be minimized? 76. The initial audible signal must not exceed 30 seconds and the final audible signal must be at least 90 seconds. daily Federal Register on FederalRegister.gov will remain an unofficial documents in the last year, 669 [97] Research has found that seat belts greatly reduce the risk of fatal and non-fatal injuries, compared to the risk faced by unrestrained occupants. In 2005, Congress passed legislationthe Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (SAFETEA-LU)[37] Brian L. Cox, Chicago Tribune, 7 June 2022 See More 208 to require a rear seat belt warning system. 2017. [27] An optimized warning system balances effectiveness and annoyance, so that the warning is noticeable enough that the occupants will be motivated to fasten their belts, but not so intrusive that an occupant will circumvent or disable it or the public will not accept it. 0000046831 00000 n As noted above, an enhanced warning that activates for an unoccupied seat could be a nuisance that either desensitizes the occupants to the warning signal or leads them to circumvent or defeat the warning. 18. Under the Florida Statutes, a point system was established to keep track of inappropriate driving behavior and set cumulative point totals that will result in a licensing action. Speeding was a contributing factor in 27% of all fatal crashes in 2016, and 10,111 lives were lost in speeding-related crashes. 100% of the ports are level 2 See Donna Glassbrenner. Counts are subject to sampling, reprocessing and revision (up or down) throughout the day. 30124. NHTSA also seeks comment on the technological and economic feasibility of alternative rear seat belt warning systems. The Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act of 2012 (MAP-21) directs the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) to initiate a rulemaking proceeding to amend Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) No. 2007. Also, the first level warning for rear seats can be dismissed by the driver. One of the two collisions that happen in a crash is: The increase of speed is a squared relationship. NHTSA-2010-0061). https://www.federalregister.gov/d/2019-20644, MODS: Government Publishing Office metadata, https://www.transportation.gov/regulations/dot-information-dissemination-quality-guidelines, https://www.regulations.gov/docs/Tips_For_Submitting_Effective_Comments.pdf. Such redesign would have to take into account visibility, interaction with existing signals and displays, available space on the instrument panel, and effectiveness, as well as other factors. Illegal window tinting. For a _____ conviction of a DUI you could pay a fine of not less than $500 or more than $2,000. These include: The types of seat belt warning system requirements the agency should propose; the effectiveness of such systems at increasing rear seat belt use; the degree to which consumers would accept such systems; the associated benefits and costs; and the vehicles to which any proposed requirements should apply. See Figure 1. First, it repeals the statutory provision that prohibited NHTSA from requiring or specifying as a compliance option an audible seat belt warning lasting longer than 8 seconds. When you send a comment containing information claimed to be confidential business information, you should include a cover letter setting forth the information specified in our confidential business information regulation. 0000020009 00000 n D-s-tX?[ha;Q33LLL S,q'=L@fC5`. The third report summarized and extended the analyses from the previous two reports. 30111, NHTSA seeks comment on whether it should consider any non-regulatory approaches to address this issue. When you send a comment containing information claimed to be confidential business information, you should include a cover letter setting forth the information specified in our confidential business information regulation (49 CFR part 512). 0000047687 00000 n 7. [92] For a fuller discussion of the history of the active and passive protection requirements in FMVSS No. [39] Should the criteria Start Printed Page 51085take into account the presence of child restraint systems? We have asked commenters to answer a variety of questions to elicit practical information about alternative approaches and relevant technical data. [62] of Transportation to initiate a rulemaking proceeding to amend Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) No. 0000009615 00000 n The agency also determined that the Safety Act did not prohibit manufacturers from implementing enhanced warning systems as long as the manufacturer provided some means of differentiating the voluntarily-provided signal from the required signal (for example, by a clearly distinguished lapse in time between the two signals).